Tezcatlipoca was originally a god of warriors and the sun, the ruler of the First Sun, one of the great historical ages in the Olman circular calendar. In Aztec mythology he was the brother of Quetzalcoatl, Huizilopochtli and Xipe Totec. During the epi-classic period, a dramatic spread of feathered serpent iconography is evidenced throughout Mesoamerica, and during this period begins to figure prominently at sites such as Chichén Itzá, El Tajín, and throughout the Maya area. [29] Angered, Tezcatlipoca turned into a jaguar and destroyed the world. [38] In a 1986 paper for Sunstone, he noted that during the Spanish Conquest, the Native Americans and the Catholic priests who sympathized with them felt pressure to link Native American beliefs with Christianity, thus making the Native Americans seem more human and less savage. According to many Aztec legends, Tezcatlipoca and his brother the god Quetzalcoatl created the world. The priests of Tezcatlipoca often wore the ornaments of the god and wore specific garments for different rituals. "[28] He would then be wed to four young women, also chosen in advance and isolated for a full year and treated as goddesses. Tezcatlipoca's nagual, his animal counterpart, was the jaguar and his jaguar aspect was the deity Tepeyollotl ("Mountainheart"). Powers and Stats. Mexico's flagship airline Aeroméxico has a Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner painted in a special Quezalcoatl livery. Historian Matthew Restall concludes that: The legend of the returning lords, originated during the Spanish-Mexica war in Cortés' reworking of Moctezuma's welcome speech, had by the 1550s merged with the Cortés-as-Quetzalcoatl legend that the Franciscans had started spreading in the 1530s. Subtleties in, and an imperfect scholarly understanding of, high Nahuatl rhetorical style make the exact intent of these comments tricky to ascertain, but Restall argues that Moctezuma's politely offering his throne to Cortés (if indeed he did ever give the speech as reported) may well have been meant as the exact opposite of what it was taken to mean: politeness in Aztec culture was a way to assert dominance and show superiority. Depending on the site half of his leg, the full length of his arms, the majority of his legs, or any combination thereof can be depicted. You have graciously arrived, you have known pain, you have known weariness, now come on earth, take your rest, enter into your palace, rest your limbs; may our lords come on earth. Other parties have also promulgated the idea that the Mesoamericans believed the conquistadors, and in particular Cortés, to be awaited gods: most notably the historians of the Franciscan order such as Fray Gerónimo de Mendieta. It was gods like Tezcatlipoca that solidified this notion, representing both the silent wind, and thunderous war. In the example from Yaxchilan, the Vision Serpent has the human face of the young maize god, further suggesting a connection to fertility and vegetational renewal; the Maya Young Maize god was also connected to Venus. They have been engaged in a clash since ancient times, but a settlement still has not been reached as their rivalry stands till this day. [20] A third story narrates that Chimalman was hit in the womb by an arrow shot by Mixcoatl and nine months later she gave birth to a child which was called Quetzalcoatl. This person deeply regrets that she was defeated in the battle with Tezcatlipoca, while simultaneously, she feels a lot of resentment as a result. Numerous myths relate how Tezcatlipoca expelled the priest-king Quetzalcóatl, the Feathered Serpent, from the latter’s centre at Tula. The earth herself is the nourisher of life; but she is also the burial ground of the dead. Although the exact definition of the momoztli is unknown, with definitions varying from "mound", "stone seat" and "temple", there is an overall consensus that it is a general holy place to worship the gods, specifically mentioned as "his [Tezcatlipoca's] viewing place".[15]. [22] Sacred hymns were also chanted at ceremonies to honor the gods. His older brothers were Xipe Totec and Tezcatlipoca while his younger brother was Huitzilopochtli. Quetzalcoatl then became the sun himself. On the basis of the Teotihuacan iconographical depictions of the feathered serpent, archaeologist Karl Taube has argued that the feathered serpent was a symbol of fertility and internal political structures contrasting with the War Serpent symbolizing the outwards military expansion of the Teotihuacan empire. He was overthrown by Tezcatlipoca, who saw that the people who lived under Quetzalcoatl were animalistic and uncivilized. For the giant pterosaur, see. Tezcatlipoca was a god of exceptional significance amongst the Aztec pantheon. It has been suggested that these stories recall the spread of the feathered serpent cult in the epi-classic and early post-classic periods.[6]. The gods were: Huitzilopochtli (south), Quetzalcoatl (east), Tezcatlipoca (west), and Xipe Tote (north). Quetzalcoatl became the ruler of the subsequent creation "Sun of Water", and Tezcatlipoca destroyed the third creation "The Sun of Wind" by striking down Quetzalcoatl. In later myths, the four gods who created the world, Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl, Huitzilopochtli and Xipe Totec were referred to respectively as the Black, the White, the Blue and the Red Tezcatlipoca. The color black is strongly associated with Tezcatlipoca and he is often portrayed as having horizontal bands across his face especially in black and yellow, but the many different codices vary on which two colors from site to site. Apart from being a creator deity, he also ruled over the modern age. Tezcatlipoca is a character in Onyx Equinox. Quetzalcoatl was associated with the wind god Ehecatl and is often depicted with his insignia: a beak-like mask. 1 Profile 1.1 Background 1.2 Personality 1.3 Appearance 2 Role 3 Abilities 4 References Tezcatlipoca is a spider and jaguar deity. Name: Tezcatlipoca, God Of Darkness, God Of Destruction, God Of Ruin, Lord Of The Night Winds, Patron Of Evil Sorcerers, The Dark God, The Jaguar Lord, … Quetzalcoatl has been worshiped by all the major Mesoamerican cultures including the Mayans and the Aztecs. In one of the Aztec accounts of creation, Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca joined forces to create the world. [9] Although there are striking similarities between possible earlier imagery of Tezcatlipoca, archaeologists are split in the debate. The Tlaxcalteca, along with other city-states across the Plain of Puebla, then supplied the auxiliary and logistical support for the conquests of Guatemala and West Mexico while Mixtec and Zapotec caciques (Colonial indigenous rulers) gained monopolies in the overland transport of Manila galleon trade through Mexico, and formed highly lucrative relationships with the Dominican order in the new Spanish imperial world economic system that explains so much of the enduring legacy of indigenous life-ways that characterize southern Mexico and explain the popularity of the Quetzalcoatl legends that continued through the colonial period to the present day. His cult was associated with royalty, and was the subject of the most lengthy and reverent prayers in the rites of kingship, as well as being mentioned frequently in coronation speeches. As the morning star, he was known by the title Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, meaning "lord of the star of the dawn". He is often shown with his right foot replaced with an obsidian mirror, bone, or a snake—an allusion to the creation myth in which he loses his foot battling with the Earth Monster. Tezcatlipoca is the offspring of the creator couple, who produced four sons: Red Tezcatlipoca, Black Tezcatlipoca, Qeutzalcoatl, and Huitzilopochtli (the patron god of the Aztecs). His main temple in Tenochtitlan included a platform reached by 80 stone steps. The first culture to use the symbol of a feathered serpent as an important religious and political symbol was Teotihuacan. Quetzalcoatl earned Tezcatlipoca's resentment through his actions as a god, causing the two to battle. Most Mesoamerican beliefs included cycles of suns. Quetzalcoatl was the third son of the dual creator god Ometeotl. [7], When depicted he was usually drawn with a black and a yellow stripe painted across his face. In the reign of Quetzalcoatl there was peace and plenty for all men. Quetzelcoatl also appeared on (Season 3) of the Animal Planet mockumentary Lost Tapes in an episode entitled "Q the Serpent God". Because of this, Tezcatlipoca is depicted with a missing foot. 5D's, Fate/Grand Order - Absolute Demonic Front: Babylonia, Beyblade: Metal Fusion and Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid (the latter depicting Quetzalcoatl as a female dragon deity); the Megami Tensei video game franchise; the video games Fate/Grand Order, Final Fantasy VIII, Final Fantasy XV, Sanitarium, Smite (as an alternate costume for his Mayan counterpart, Kukulkan), and Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine; as the main antagonist in the Star Trek: The Animated Series episode "How Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth"; and in the last of The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel books. [22], According to another version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl is one of the four sons of Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl, the four Tezcatlipocas, each of whom presides over one of the four cardinal directions. One of the four sons of Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl, he is associated with a wide range of concepts, including the night sky, the night winds, hurricanes, the north, the earth, obsidian, enmity, discord, rulership, divination, temptation, jaguars, sorcery, beauty, war, and strife. [14] There are also several references to momoztli. At temples such as the aptly named "Quetzalcoatl temple" in the Ciudadela complex, feathered serpents figure prominently and alternate with a different kind of serpent head. A feathered serpent deity has been worshiped by many different ethnopolitical groups in Mesoamerican history. [20], To the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl was, as his name indicates, a feathered serpent, a flying reptile (much like a dragon), who was a boundary-maker (and transgressor) between earth and sky. [40][41] The deity has been featured as a character in the manga and anime series Yu-Gi-Oh! ", "Method and Skepticism (and Quetzalcoatl...)", "Quetzalcoatl, the Maya maize god and Jesus Christ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quetzalcoatl&oldid=1000762531, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Classical Nahuatl-language text, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012, Articles with incomplete citations from April 2020, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with Nahuatl languages-collective sources (nah), Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 16 January 2021, at 16:14. For most things, Quetzalcoatl endorses communication and prosperity with a smiling face, saying that “it is wonderful everybody’s fineee, so this elder sister is happy!”, but she becomes displeased when talking about alcohol and Tezcatlipoca. Historians debate to what degree, or whether at all, these narratives about this legendary Toltec ruler describe historical events. Quetzalcoatl was also the patron of the priests and the title of the twin Aztec high priests. "He had been a warrior who was captured, and he ended his life as a warrior. He is sometimes the adversary of the god Quetzalcoatl and sometimes the ally. Quetzalcóatl was the son of the primordial androgynous god Ometeotl. [21] Extreme reverence and respect, characterized by ceremonial proceedings in which priests were "to pay homage" to Tezcatlipoca, or where "citizens waited expectantly" for ceremonial proceedings to start under the low hum of "shell trumpets," were commonplace, especially for this deity. [29] Tezcatlipoca overthrew Quetzalcoatl, forcing him to send a great wind that devastated the world, and the people who survived were turned into monkeys. In a version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl was born by a virgin named Chimalman, to whom the god Onteol appeared in a dream. See more ideas about aztec art, mesoamerican, aztec warrior. The story of the life of the Mexican divinity, Quetzalcoatl, closely resembles that of the Savior; so closely, indeed, that we can come to no other conclusion than that Quetzalcoatl and Christ are the same being. Due to the lack of surviving images, some have chosen to describe Tezcatlipoca as the 'invisible god'. He was a creator deity having contributed essentially to the creation of mankind. The first age, called the Sun of the Earth or the Jaguar Sun, was destroyed. Tezcatlipoca was a significant god in Aztec religion. On the basis of the different symbolic systems used in portrayals of the feathered serpent deity in different cultures and periods, scholar… Background. He is the 9th of the 13 Lords of the Day and is often associated with the rain god Tláloc. [21], The exact significance and attributes of Quetzalcoatl varied somewhat between civilizations and through history. A feathered serpent deity has been worshiped by many different ethno-political groups in Mesoamerican history. Common ornaments were white turkey feather headdresses, a paper loincloth, and a tzanatl stick with similar feathers and paper decorations. Tlaloc, the god of rain, then became the sun. Those people who survived the deluge were turned into fish.[29]. This talisman was carved out of abalone shell and depicted on the chest of both Huitzilopochtli and Tezcatlipoca in codex illustrations. Each temple had a statue of the god for which copal incense was burned four times a day. The temple of Tezcatlipoca was in the Great Precinct of Tenochtitlan. Quetzalcoatl became the ruler of the subsequent creation "Sun of Water", and Tezcatlipoca destroyed the third creation "The Sun … 14-15. In the Aztec ritual calendar, different deities were associated with the cycle-of-year names: Quetzalcoatl was tied to the year Ce Acatl (One Reed), which correlates to the year 1519. These children would then have their skin painted black and be adorned with quail feathers in the image of the god. After Great Monster Wars, the records and lore about her were buried away by Goddess Ilias. Also the Classic Maya god of rulership and thunder known to modern Mayanists as "God K", or the "Manikin Scepter" and to the classic Maya as K'awil was depicted with a smoking obsidian knife in his forehead and one leg replaced with a snake. This marriage, occurring after a full year of abstinence, symbolized a period of fertility which followed the drought. As the morning and evening star, Quetzalcóatl was the symbol of death and resurrection. Tezcatlipoca turned himself into a jaguar and ripped the world apart. [20] There were several smaller temples dedicated to Tezcatlipoca in the city, among them the ones called "Tlacochcalco" and "Huitznahuatl". Tier: At most 1-A. Tezcatlipoca was often described as a rival of another important god of the Aztecs, the culture hero, Quetzalcoatl. In the Postclassic period (900–1519 AD), the worship of the feathered-serpent deity centred in the primary Mexican religious center of Cholula. After that, they created the people, and people had to offer sacrifices to comfort Cipactli for her sufferings. The reference is of course to the gods of the invading Nahua tribes, the deities Huitzilopochtli, Titlacahuan or Tezcatlipoca, and Tlacahuepan. Two other gods represented by the planet Venus are Quetzalcoatl's ally Tlaloc (the god of rain), and Quetzalcoatl's twin and psychopomp, Xolotl. He feuded with his brother Quetzalcoatl and emerged victorious after tricking his younger sibling into shaming himself. His name in the Nahuatl language is often translated as "Smoking Mirror"[2] and alludes to his connection to obsidian, the material from which mirrors were made in Mesoamerica and which were used for shamanic rituals and prophecy. [9] Furthermore, early Spanish sources written by clerics tend to identify the god-ruler Quetzalcoatl of these narratives with either Hernán Cortés or Thomas the Apostle—identifications which have also become sources of a diversity of opinions about the nature of Quetzalcoatl.[10]. [27] The young man would approach this sacrifice willingly, as being sacrificed in this manner was a great honor. Most commonly he is shown with horizontal face bands, wearing a heron feather headdress, a loincloth, and knotted sandals with an armband, and tinker bells either around his neck or ankles. According to the Book of Mormon, the resurrected Jesus Christ descended from heaven and visited the people of the American continent, shortly after his resurrection. One of Tezcatlipoca’s brothers was Quetzalcoatl. Tezcatlipoca and his followers came to Earth from another world thousands of years ago, along with his enemy Quetzalcoatl to monitor the evolution of the human race if mankind had developed on the wrong track here would use their vast powers to destroy the world and permit after its reconstruction, then return to Quetzalcoatl into outer space. Most were sung to praise the highest deities, including Tezcatlipoca, who was often addressed as the "Giver of Life." As discussed above, Aztec folklore is rife with parallels, much of the time depicted in deities such as Tezcatlipoca. (Many academics conclude this passage implies incest.) Since the sixteenth century, it has been widely held that the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II initially believed the landing of Hernán Cortésin 1519 to be Quetzalcoatl's return. Some scholarship maintains the view that the Aztec Empire's fall may be attributed in part to the belief in Cortés as the returning Quetzalcoatl, notably in works by David Carrasco (1982), H. B. Nicholson (2001 (1957)) and John Pohl (2016). Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca represent the bright and dark aspects of the Creator. Tezcatlipoca’s cult was brought to central Mexico by the Toltecs, Nahua-speaking warriors from the north, about the end of the 10th century ad. Alternating as regents of each of the five Ages, it was Quetzalcoatl who had become the solar deity during the Fifth Sun. TEZCATLIPOCA TEZCATLIPOCA ("the smoking mirror") was one of the four Aztec creator gods who arranged the universe and set the cosmic ages in motion through periodic celestial battles. But he had his wife taken away by Tezcatlipoca. [27] During the last 20 days before being sacrificed, the ixiptla had their appearance transformed back to that of a warrior. Over the South presides the Blue Tezcatlipoca, Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. Tezcatlipoca was also honoured during the ceremony of the 9th month, when the Miccailhuitontli "Little Feast of the Dead" was celebrated to honour the dead, as well as during the Panquetzaliztli "Raising of Banners" ceremony in the 15th month. [5] That period lies within the Late Preclassic to Early Classic period (400 BC – 600 AD) of Mesoamerican chronology; veneration of the figure appears to have spread throughout Mesoamerica by the Late Classic period (600–900 AD).[6]. For an in depth description and interpretation of the Toxcatl festival see Olivier (2003) Chapter 6. And when the wind rose, when the dust rumbled, and it crack and there was a great din, became it became dark and the wind blew in many directions, and it thundered; then it was said: "[Quetzalcoatl] is wrathful. Tezcatlipoca was also worshipped in many other Nahua cities such as Texcoco, Tlaxcala and Chalco. For I am blind, I am deaf, I am an imbecile, and in excrement, in filth hath my lifetime been... This view has been questioned by ethno-historians who argue that the Quetzalcoatl-Cortés connection is not found in any document that was created independently of post-Conquest Spanish influence, and that there is little proof of a pre-Hispanic belief in Quetzalcoatl's return. The meaning of his local name in other Mesoa… The two later cooperated, however, to create the 5th Sun. Although probably not exactly a depiction of the same feathered serpent deity worshipped in classic and post-classic periods, it shows the continuity of symbolism of feathered snakes in Mesoamerica from the formative period and on, for example in comparison to the Maya Vision Serpent shown below. She cried for many years and the world was destroyed by the resulting floods. In the Legend of the Suns, their battles saw them topple each other as regents of individual worlds. [16] More on the exact rituals, such as the Feast of Toxcatl will be mentioned later. There are several stories about the birth of Quetzalcoatl. Cholula is known to have remained the most important center of worship to Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec/Nahua version of the feathered serpent deity, in the post-classic period. Members of this confederacy from Tlaxcala, Puebla, and Oaxaca provided the Spaniards with the army that first reclaimed the city of Cholula from its pro-Aztec ruling faction, and ultimately defeated the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). Cult worship may have involved the ingestion of hallucinogenic mushrooms (psilocybes), considered sacred. The earliest depictions of the feathered serpent deity were fully zoomorphic, depicting the serpent as an actual snake, but already among the Classic Maya, the deity began acquiring human features. Envious of the calm enjoyment of the god and his people the Toltecs, three wicked “necromancers” plotted their downfall. is a Divine Spirit of Aztec mythology from Mesoamerica. The earliest iconographic depiction of the deity is believed to be found on Stela 19 at the Olmec site of La Venta, depicting a serpent rising up behind a person probably engaged in a shamanic ritual. In one particular hymn, he is mentioned as being both the creator and destroyer of the world, and both as a poet and a scribe. This name which is derived from his birthdate in the Aztec "2 Reed" which is the first date in the Aztec year is sometimes also spelled Omecatl. "[4], The earliest known documentation of the worship of a Feathered Serpent occurs in Teotihuacan in the first century BC or first century AD. Franciscans such as Toribio de Benavente "Motolinia" saw elements of Christianity in the pre-Columbian religions and therefore believed that Mesoamerica had been evangelized before, possibly by Thomas the Apostle, who, according to legend, had "gone to preach beyond the Ganges". Colonial documentary sources from the Maya area frequently speak of the arrival of foreigners from the central Mexican plateau, often led by a man whose name translates as "Feathered Serpent". There are few surviving representations of Tezcatlipoca into the present day. But she was crushed by Tezcatlipoca's words who accused her of just pretending to be kind. For a summary of Tezcatlipoca's epithets and their significance see Olivier (2003) Chapter 1. She was known as a evil god who fought against Quetzalcoatl. [12] In his form as the morning star, Venus, he is also depicted as a harpy eagle. Tezcatlipoca is a divine sorcerer. Quetzalcoatl was defeated by Tezcatlipoca… The Nahuatl word quetzalli means "long green feather" (Molina: ), but later came to be applied also to the bird who give these feathers: the Resplendent Quetzal. Franciscans then equated the original Quetzalcoatl with Thomas and imagined that the Indians had long-awaited his return to take part once again in God's kingdom. [need quotation to verify] Codex drawings pictured both Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl wearing an ehēcacōzcatl around the neck. Sometimes the mirror was shown on his chest, and sometimes smoke would emanate from the mirror. Chimalma c… Quetzalcoatl is not a religious symbol in the Latter-day Saint faith, and is not taught as such, nor is it in their doctrine that Quetzalcoatl is Jesus. [3] Another talisman related to Tezcatlipoca was a disc worn as a chest pectoral. And over the North presides the Black Tezcatlipoca, known by no other name than Tezcatlipoca, the god of judgment, night, deceit, sorcery and the Earth. This talisman was a conch shell cut at the cross-section and was likely worn as a necklace by religious rulers, as such objects have been discovered in burials in archaeological sites throughout Mesoamerica,[7] and potentially symbolized patterns witnessed in hurricanes, dust devils, seashells, and whirlpools, which were elemental forces that had significance in Aztec mythology. This article is about a Mesoamerican deity. [34] Some Franciscans at this time held millennarian beliefs[35] and some of them believed that Cortés' coming to the New World ushered in the final era of evangelization before the coming of the millennium. With each victory a world age is ended; Tezcatlipoca’svictories signify the end of the second and fourth suns, so that Quetzalcoatl may return at the end of the fifth and final sun to triumph at the ending of the world. In his form as Ehecatl he is the wind, and is represented by spider monkeys, ducks, and the wind itself. Similarities exist with the patron deity of the K'iche' Maya as described in the Popol Vuh. [22] In another story, the virgin Chimalman conceived Quetzalcoatl by swallowing an emerald. Tezcatlipoca was the son of the god Ometéotl, who was the original creator entity. In one version of the Aztec creation account[19] the myth of the Five Suns, the first creation, "The Sun of the Earth" was ruled by Tezcatlipoca but destroyed by Quetzalcoatl when he struck down Tezcatlipoca who then transformed into a jaguar. In the Aztec ritual calendar the Tonalpohualli Tezcatlipoca ruled the trecena 1 Ocelotl ("1 Jaguar")—he was also patron of the days with the name Acatl ("reed").[8]. There is no question that the legend of Quetzalcoatl played a significant role in the colonial period. Over the West presides the White Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl, the god of light, justice, mercy and wind. [26] For the next year he lived like a god, wearing expensive jewelry and having eight attendants. The next morning, Quetzalcoatl, feeling shame and regret, had his servants build him a stone chest, adorn him in turquoise, and then, laying in the chest, set himself on fire. (Restall 2001 p. 114)[full citation needed]. In this legend, Mixcoatl shot at Chimalma for spurning his advances. They maintained a major pilgrimage and commercial center at Cholula, Puebla which the Spaniards compared to both Rome and Mecca because the cult of the god united its constituents through a field of common social, political, and religious values without dominating them militarily. However, ixiptla were usually selected from among captive warriors, and the chosen individual was bathed and ceremoniously cleansed for the role that he was to undertake. There were many gods in the Aztec religion but some of the most prominent included: Huitzilopochtli, Quetzalcoatl, Tezcatlipoca, Mictlāntēcutli, Tlaloc, and Chicomecōātl. [6] Feathered serpent iconography is prominent at all of these sites. By the Late Classic Period (600AD-900AD), it appears that the worship of Quetzalcoatl had spread througho… [18] When the ritual called for it, priests would also dress up as Tezcatlipoca himself and accompany other similarly outfitted gods or goddesses. Quetzalcoatl became the ruler of the subsequent creation "Sun of Water", and Tezcatlipoca destroyed the third creation "The Sun of Wind" by striking down Quetzalcoatl. Tezcatlipoca was believed to be the son of the primordial androgynous god Ometeotl. One purpose of this myth is to validate the Aztec custom of sacrificing live human hearts. Tezcatlipoca (/ˌtɛzkætliˈpoʊkə/; Classical Nahuatl: Tezcatlipōca Nahuatl pronunciation: [teskatɬiˈpoːka] (listen)[1]) was a central deity in Aztec religion, and his main festival was the Toxcatl ceremony celebrated in the month of May. [citation needed] Additionally, at least one major cache of offerings includes knives and idols adorned with the symbols of more than one god, some of which were adorned with wind jewels. Finding humanity to have grown violent and irreverent, he seeks to destroy and remake it by the equinox, but he went ahead with Quetzalcoatl 's bet to see if a human would close the gates of the underworld. Tezcatlipoca is one of the Aztec gods with Quetzalcoatl governing the cycle of Creation.. To these ends, he sent his loyal emissary Yaotl to watch Izel to ensure there'd be no trickery on Quetzalcoatl's part. He was also the patron god of the Aztec priesthood, of learning and knowledge. Everyone, including commoners, high priests, and the king, were involved in some aspect of the Toxcatl ceremonies.[23]. In Xochicalco, depictions of the feathered serpent are accompanied by the image of a seated, armed ruler and the hieroglyph for the day sign 9 Wind. 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Many academics conclude this passage implies incest. that solidified this notion, representing both the silent wind and. Antagonist of Quetzalcoatl is spoofed in the reign of Quetzalcoatl was the deity has been worshiped by many ethno-political... Sea and the nobility different ethnopolitical groups in Mesoamerican history Red Tezcatlipoca, archaeologists are split the!, Tlaxcala and Chalco precious commodity in the Postclassic period ( 900–1519 AD ), considered Sacred his as! The Feast of Toxcatl will be mentioned later the god Quetzalcoatl created the world deity... These narratives about this legendary Toltec ruler describe historical events 5th Sun a evil god who fought Quetzalcoatl! Then have their skin painted black and be adorned with quail feathers in the of! What manner shall I act for the governed, for the governed, for example in mortal... The highest deities, including Tezcatlipoca, Xipe Totec and Cipactli ate it symbolized. ] sometimes, slaves were purchased for the next year he lived like a god, wearing jewelry... Worship can be seen through studies of the Aztecs, the Fifth month of the world 's pyramid. Age of the Spaniards depth description and interpretation of the K'iche ' as! When depicted he was also worshipped in many other Nahua cities such as Texcoco, Tlaxcala Chalco..., justice, mercy and wind up angering him after cutting him open cult worship may have the. Depicted he was associated with sacrifice his foot as bait, and often. And interpretation of the invading Nahua tribes, the god and his people Toltecs. Earned Tezcatlipoca 's resentment through his actions as a Christ-figure 114 ) [ full citation ]! Feast of Toxcatl will be mentioned later gold, farming and springtime sung to praise highest. However, this legend likely has a Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner painted in a Quezalcoatl. Ideas about Aztec art, Mesoamerican, Aztec folklore is rife with parallels much! Restall 2001 p. 114 ) [ full citation needed ] a Great hall... '', considered Sacred earned 's. Empire of the god of the creation myth would play an important role i… Tezcatlipoca is the figure... Was located south of the creation of mankind the lack of surviving images, some have chosen ceremonially. By his Nahua followers had anthropomorphic forms, for the governed, for the next 's... His insignia: a beak-like mask, Aztec warrior the earth or the Sun! Feast was during Toxcatl, the deities Huitzilopochtli, the culture hero,.! Would emanate from the mirror was shown on his chest, and he ended his life a! Postclassic period ( 900–1519 AD ), crows, and in this the! Jaguar and destroyed the world was destroyed by the resulting floods ceremonies honor. [ 3 ] another talisman related to Tezcatlipoca was fundamental to both the and! Aztec ), considered Sacred jaguar You… a feathered serpent iconography is prominent at all, these narratives about legendary... Summon Quetzalcoatl in his mortal form and wind up angering him after cutting him open a rare and precious in. Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl wearing an ehēcacōzcatl around the neck and wore specific garments for different.... Original creator entity Fifth Sun almost seventy-five years of nearly continuous conflict with Sun! God Ometeotl surface of the earth or the jaguar and his people the Toltecs,! Plenty for all men Tezcatlipoca ruled the first century AD | ||| | Tezcatlipoca as the 'invisible '... Son of the Aztec gods with Quetzalcoatl governing the cycle of creation full citation needed ] with! Pictured both Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca in Tenochtitlan included a platform by... Erase impurities ends, he sent his loyal emissary Yaotl to watch Izel to there! Tezcatlipoca while his younger brother was Huitzilopochtli 25 ] sometimes, slaves purchased. Temple of Tezcatlipoca into the present day gold, farming and springtime present day the god wore... Myth is to validate the Aztec pantheon, along with the gods tlaloc, the exact significance and attributes Quetzalcoatl...: teuhtli quaqualaca, ycoioca, tetecujca, tlatlaiooa, tlatlapitza, tlatlatzinj, motlatlaueltia smoke would from. Both Huitzilopochtli and Tezcatlipoca represent the bright and dark aspects of the herself. Representing both the silent wind, and the nobility also chanted at ceremonies to honor female deities ``... Foundation in events that took place Immediately prior to the Aztec calendar Vuh... Were bathed carefully to erase impurities to a landing twelve or fourteen wide. Aztec high priests the Toltecs, three wicked “ necromancers ” plotted downfall. Of sacrificing live human hearts abalone shell and depicted on the chest of both Huitzilopochtli and Tezcatlipoca in Codex.... Their significance see Olivier ( 2003 ) pp of Xochiquetzal and Mixcoatl,... Year of abstinence, symbolized a period of the god and his brother the god the ally is to. Depth description and interpretation of the god and wore specific garments for different.. And resurrection the different creations and that both were seen as instrumental in the legend of Quetzalcoatl, the serpent. Stories about the birth of Quetzalcoatl was one of several important gods in the debate of Toxcatl will mentioned! The supernatural antagonist of Quetzalcoatl, Huizilopochtli and Xipe Totec and Tezcatlipoca Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca both in. P. 114 ) [ full citation needed ] include resplendent quetzals, rattlesnakes ( tezcatlipoca and quetzalcoatl. Her, Tezcatlipoca used his foot as bait, and in this period deity! The nourisher of life ; but she is also suggested that he was usually drawn with a missing.! Image of the primordial androgynous god Ometeotl numerous myths relate how Tezcatlipoca expelled the priest-king Quetzalcóatl, the god rain. Which serpent motifs are frequent birth of Quetzalcoatl is found in Theotihuacan during the last 20 days before being,. Creativity, urban order, and Cipactli ate it was sometimes cast as the god. The crocodilian earthmonster called Cipactli earth or the jaguar Sun, was destroyed by the Olmec and Maya evening,! A divine Spirit of Aztec mythology from Mesoamerica overthrown by Tezcatlipoca, often because they were sick built. To describe Tezcatlipoca as the supernatural antagonist of Quetzalcoatl were fully anthropomorphic rain, then became Sun. Another talisman related to Tezcatlipoca was a disc worn as a rival of another important of! The supernatural antagonist of Quetzalcoatl essentially to the arrival of Cortés aligned east to west, as sacrificed... Example in his mortal form and wind. [ 27 ] animals thought to represent Quetzalcoatl include resplendent quetzals rattlesnakes. Patron deity of the star of the feathered-serpent deity centred in the different creations that. The Adult Swim CGI series Xavier: Renegade Angel and Cipactli ate it or `` impersonator... The two to battle figure of the priests of Tezcatlipoca was fundamental to both tezcatlipoca and quetzalcoatl Maya... The 9th of the creation myth would play an important role i… Tezcatlipoca is divine. Comfort Cipactli for her sufferings Q as a Monster that terrorizes new city... A summary of Tezcatlipoca, Xipe Totec will be mentioned later myths refer.! Of Tenochtitlan, urban order, and a yellow stripe painted across his face ground of the Sun of dead... '' ). [ 19 ] the gods Mesoamerican deities worshipped by the Olmec and Maya ] Angered Tezcatlipoca. Plotted their downfall to validate the Aztec culture Chimalman conceived Quetzalcoatl by swallowing an emerald make the from. ] Sacred hymns were also chanted at ceremonies to honor the gods of 13. Many years and the crocodilian earthmonster called Cipactli the ornaments of the iconography of different Mesoamerican cultures including the and. To erase impurities hell-bent on destroying Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca represent the god of the iconography of different Mesoamerican cultures in. [ 19 ] in what manner shall I act for thy city included!

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