In contrast, the EU-14 migrant population has grown more gradually. Added 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2014', 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2014: data tables', 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers' and 'Monthly asylum application tables'. There were also increas… Earlier this year, the government unveiled its Immigration Bill, which revealed what migrants must do to qualify for UK entry after 1 January 2021. For a discussion of this system, see our commentary, Q&A: The UK’s new points-based immigration system after Brexit. For further information email migration statistics. Government’s immigration target still not met after rise in immigration from outside EU This follows a gradual increase in immigration of non-EU citizens over the past five years for both work and study, particularly from India and China. 'Immigration statistics, October to December 2017: data tables' has been updated. This means that the estimated 3.7 million EU citizens and their family members currently living in the UK will have to secure pre-settled or settled status if they would like to continue to stay in the country. The downward trend in EU immigration is a recent phenomenon. (Some people born in the UK are automatically UK citizens, but this is not always the case and depends on the residence status of the parents at the time the child is born.) Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending June 2018', 'Immigration statistics, year ending June 2018: data tables', 'Third report on statistics being collected under the exit checks programme' and 'Home Office statistics on exit checks: user guide', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline' and 'Developments in migration statistics since 2010'. The more than three million immigrants from the European Union now in Britain will be allowed to stay, while a visa scheme for fruit pickers and other farm workers will be … Since the EU referendum in late June 2016, the estimated number of EU nationals immigrating to the UK fell from 284,000 the year before the vote to 226,000 in the year after. This is relevant because after Brexit, non-Irish EU citizens and their family members will need to register for settled status to continue living here legally, but Irish citizens will not be obliged to do so (see the Migration Observatory report, Unsettled Status – 2020: Which EU Citizens are at Risk of Failing to Secure their Rights after Brexit?). Added 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2013' and 'Tables for 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2013''. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601562310199'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.minWidth='200px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='2560px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='727px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='671px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='577px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); Compared to non-EU citizens, EU citizens are more likely to come to the UK for work. This right will end in the UK at 11pm on 31 December 2020. Among the working-age EU population, 83% were in employment (Figure 7). Fewer coming for work. Some people are excluded, such as residents of communal establishments like hostels, and other groups may be undercounted due to survey non-response. Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending September 2019', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide'. EU citizens also have low naturalisation rates compared to non-EU citizens. Net migration to the UK from outside the EU nearly tripled since the year to March 2013 (when it was 106,000) to its highest level ever - 316,000. Added 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2015' and 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2015: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. EU immigration fell considerably during this time, from 304,000 to 199,000 per year, while emigration of EU citizens increased steadily from 86,000 to 151,000. Added ‘Migrant journey: 2018 report’, ’Migrant journey: 2018 report: data tables’, 'Immigration statistics, year ending March 2019' and 'Immigration statistics, year ending March 2019: data tables', and updated ‘Migrant journey user guide ’, 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and ’Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. In total, an estimated … Added 'Immigration statistics, October to December 2015' and 'Immigration statistics, October to December 2015: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. Because the estimated emigration of EU citizens also increased, EU net migration fell more sharply – by 77% to 50,000 in 2019 (for more detailed data, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Net migration to the UK). While the estimated EU-born population was slightly lower in 2018 and 2019 than in 2017, this pattern is not reflected in other ONS data, which suggest that EU net migration has been stable in 2018 and 2019, though still positive. There were 189,459 work-related visas granted in the year ending September 2019, 11% higher than the previous year, and the highest level since the year ending March 2008, around the time when a new immigration system (also known as ‘the points-based system’ (PBS)) was first introduced. The end of free movement rights after the UK leaves the EU means that citizens of other EU countries will no longer be entitled to access the UK labour market or to be self-employed, except where UK immigration rules allow. Per Capita Crime Statistics: Immigration and Crime in the UK. The number of EU-born migrants estimated to be living in the UK increased steadily from 2004 to 2017 before levelling off (Figure 1). Added 'Second report on statistics being collected under the exit checks programme', ‘Immigration statistics, April to June 2017’ and ‘Immigration statistics, April to June 2017: data tables’, updated ‘Home Office immigration statistics: user guide’ and ‘Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline’. In 2019, just under half of EU-born migrants living in the UK were from EU-14 countries. Until the end of the Second World War, most migration was within and out of Europe. Moreover, data on non-UK citizens also include many UK-born children of migrants who have themselves never migrated. There were 74,000 more EU citizens who came to the UK than people leaving for other EU countries. 1. As figure 1 below shows, non-EU net migration has risen from 89,000 in 1997 to 214,000 in 2018. This is likely to lead to substantial changes in official migration data between now and 2023. Immigration from the EU had consistently increased from 2011 to 2015, in large part due to the arrival of Southern European and Romanian nationals. Added "EU Settlement Scheme statistics, June 2019". NINos are issued once to people who are aged 16 or over and are working, planning to work, or who claim benefits in the UK, regardless of how long they intend to stay. This briefing uses data from the Annual Population Survey (APS), which is a survey of private households in the UK. EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics to September 2020, Immigration statistics, year ending September 2020 and Statistics relating to … This means that it is often sensible to look at the overall picture across several data sources, rather than focusing on short-term changes in a single dataset. The foreign-born will include some people who are born abroad to UK citizen parents. ONS analysis based on the Census suggests that non-response is a greater problem among people born outside of the UK (Weeks et al., 2013). Among non-EU citizens, by contrast, the most commonly reported reason for moving to the UK in 2019 was study. Added 'Immigration statistics, January to March 2015' and 'Immigration statistics, January to March 2015: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline', 'Monthly asylum application tables' and 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers'. Non-British population in United Kingdom (UK) 2019, by nationality Number of EU nationals in the United Kingdom 2019 Number of UK citizens living in EU countries 2018 In 2019, an estimated 49,000 more EU citizens came to the UK than left - down from the "peak levels" of more than 200,000 in 2015 and early 2016, the ONS says. Most of those workers (65%) reported coming to take up a definite job rather than to look for work. Added ‘Statistics on changes in migrants’ visa and leave status: 2015’ and ‘Statistics on changes in migrants’ visa and leave status: 2015: data tables', ‘Statistics on changes in migrants’ visa and leave status: user guide’ replaces 'Migrant journey: user guide'. Added 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2016', 'Immigration statistics, April to June 2016: data tables' and 'A report on the statistics being collected under the exit checks programme', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. This is particularly the case for immigration, in the UK and elsewhere in Europe. The population of EU-8 born residents increased from an estimated 167,000 in 2004 to 1,686,000 in 2017, and declined in the following two years. Excluding the estimated 320,000 Irish citizens living in the UK in 2019, there were an estimated 3.4m non-Irish EU citizens. How many EU migrants are there in the UK? Updated 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, September 2019' to second edition. Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending September 2018' and 'Immigration statistics, year ending September 2018: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide'. Thereafter, EU citizens migrating to the UK will be subject to the same immigration rules as citizens from the rest of the world, and any person wishing to move to the UK for longer than six months will require a visa. This is down from its peak of 922,000 in 2017 (in the same year, the number of Polish citizens in the UK was estimated at over a million). This briefing follows the ONS classification that distinguishes between 4 different groups of EU countries based on the year they joined the EU: Unlike the NINo data, the APS and LTIM are sample surveys, so their estimates come with margins of error. This series brings together documents relating to migration statistics. Throughout history, the region has been a central part of global migration systems which its States helped to establish and shape, mainly through mercantilist and colonial expansions. This briefing provides key statistics on EU migrants and migration in the UK. Added 'Migrant journey: fifth report', 'Migrant journey: fifth report: data tables' and 'Migrant journey: user guide'. However, defining migrants as the foreign-born has the compensatory benefit of including people who have come to the UK and naturalised. The faster increase in the EU-14-born population after 2012 can be linked to immigration from Spain and Italy, where the unemployment rate was particularly high (see our 2016 commentary, Pulling power: Why are EU citizens migrating to the UK?). In 2019, 48% of EU citizens moving to the UK for at least a year said that work was their main reason for migrating (Figure 6). In contrast, non-EU net migration was the highest since 2004. Non-British population in United Kingdom (UK) 2019, by nationality . Immigration to the UK … 58 Banbury Road, There are various reasons for this, including differences in how data sources define migrants; known uncertainty in the estimates, which come with margins of error; and unknown sources of error, such as that arising from the fact that not everyone agrees to participate in official surveys. by The D May 13, 2018 September 25, 2018. Key Points Net migration to the UK, the difference between immigration and emigration, was estimated to be 270,000 in 2019, down from a peak of 331,000 in the year ending March 2015. Added 'Immigration statistics, October to December 2014' and 'Immigration statistics, October to December 2014: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline', 'Monthly asylum application tables' and 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers'. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Thanks to Agnieszka Kubal and Will Somerville for helpful comments on an earlier version of this briefing; and to Mariña Fernandez-Reino for providing valuable feedback on this 2020 version. To help us improve GOV.UK, we’d like to know more about your visit today. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, August 2019'. Added 'Immigration statistics, January to March 2016' and 'Immigration statistics, January to March 2016: data tables', updated 'User Guide to Home Office Immigration Statistics' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. EU vs non-EU migration statistics. Jonathan Portes / Apr 2017 . The 2018 level of 214,000 was made up of gross non-EU inflows of 325,000 and gross non-EU emigration of 111,000. For both EU and non-EU citizens, more people come to the UK than leave the UK, meaning both groups have contributed to the increase in net migration. Figure 1: Non-EU net migration since 1991 (ONS). In 2019, 456,000 NINos were allocated to EU citizens, down 28% from 2015. ONS has identified several limitations in current data sources, and is currently developing new approaches to producing migration statistics to address them. A range of key input and impact indicators are currently published by the Home Office on the Migration transparency data webpage. 2.4 million immigrants entered the EU-27 from non-EU-27 countries in 2018. For more information about the EU Settlement Scheme, see the Migration Observatory report, Unsettled Status – 2020: Which EU Citizens are at Risk of Failing to Secure their Rights after Brexit? Immigration played a central role in the Brexit movement – the recent rise in immigration was one of the defining arguments that united anti-globalists, eurosceptics and nationalists to vote the UK out of the EU. The Office for National Statistics admits it underestimated long-term EU immigration between 2009 and 2016 by almost a quarter of a million. There were an estimated 3.7 million EU citizens living in the UK in 2019, though the accuracy of this estimate has been called into question by the number of applications to the EU settlement scheme. EU migration has declined between 2016 and 2018, following peak levels of over 200,000 in 2015 and early 2016. These recent revisions affected estimates of immigration from EU-8 countries, and other EU immigration has not yet been revised and so may not be directly comparable. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, December 2019'. EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics to September 2020, Immigration statistics, year ending September 2020 and Statistics relating to passenger arrivals since the COVID-19 outbreak, November 2020 published. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, April 2019'. E: robert.mcneil@compas.ox.ac.uk. The main reason for this is that many children born in the UK to EU citizen parents are themselves EU citizens. Data related to immigrants are disaggregated by age group; sex; citizenship; country of previous residence and level of human development of the country (of birth and previous usual residence). 26 November 2020. Added 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2014' and 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2014: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline', 'Monthly asylum application tables' and 'Children entering detention under Immigration Act powers'. This survey provides data on immigration, emigration and net migration of EU citizens based on a standard definition of a long-term migrant as a person who moves to a country for at least a year. The number of EU-2-born residents – whose countries joined the EU in 2007 and gained free movement access to the UK in 2014 – increased from 235,000 in 2014 to 555,000 in 2019. Learn more about us. Eurostat International Migration statistics: Immigration This domain comprises series of long-term international immigration during the reference year. Added 'Immigration statistics, year ending June 2020', 'Immigration statistics data tables, year ending June 2020', 'Fifth report on statistics relating to exit checks', 'Statistics relating to passenger arrivals since the COVID-19 outbreak, August 2020' and 'EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, June 2020', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline', 'Home Office statistics on exit checks: user guide' and 'Home Office EU Settlement Scheme statistics: user guide'. Added ‘Immigration statistics, October to December 2016’ and ‘Immigration statistics, October to December 2016: data tables’, updated ‘Home Office immigration statistics: user guide’. Note that small differences between estimates for different groups may not be statistically significant, if they are not described in the narrative of the briefing. You’ve accepted all cookies. Poland was the top country of birth among the EU-born in 2019, followed by Romania and Ireland. E: migrationobservatory@compas.ox.ac.uk, T: +44 (0)7500 970 081 In 2019, around 8% of all workers in the UK were born in an EU country. For more information on work-related migration, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Work Visas and Migrant Workers in the UK. A difference between two groups is considered statistically significant when the probability that this difference occurred by chance is small. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, November 2019' and 'Home Office EU Settlement Scheme statistics: user guide'. Detailed local-authority level data on national insurance number allocations to EU citizens can be found in the Migration Observatory’s Local Data Guide. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Peter William Walsh. Migration flows: Immigration to the EU-27 from non-member countries was 2.4 million in 2018 A total of 3.9 million peopleimmigratedto one of theEU-27Member States during 2018, while 2.6 million emigrantswerereportedtohaveleftanEU-27MemberState. Updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide’, ’Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline' and ‘Developments in migration statistics since 2010’. The most recent set of figurespublished cover the year to September 2018. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601562398828'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.minWidth='200px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='2560px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='727px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='671px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='577px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, February 2020', updated 'Home Office EU Settlement Scheme statistics: user guide'. Europe has been a crossroads of human mobility since ancient times. The APS has some important limitations. Added 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2015' and 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2015: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. In that case, we assume that the differences we observe in the data are likely to exist in the population. Number of UK citizens living in EU countries 2018 Note that these figures have been revised on several occasions, most recently in August 2019, following improvements to the ONS methodology. In part, this will be because the overall EUSS figures include (1) people who had left the UK but could still apply to the scheme to preserve their right to return, and (2) applicants who reapplied to update their status from pre-settled status to settled status, who are counted twice. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, October 2019'. However, it is usually still the preferred definition when using data on the migrant population, and especially change in the population over time. This is because migrants who acquire UK citizenship are excluded from data on the non-UK citizen population, and rates of naturalisation vary significantly depending on migrants’ country of origin. This compares to 76% among the UK-born and 70% among the non-EU born. That’s now down to 202,000. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, September 2019'. This Migration Observatory is kindly supported by the following organisations. 'Immigration statistics data tables, year ending March 2020' has been updated to second edition. Added 'Immigration statistics, January to March 2014', 'Tables for ‘Immigration Statistics, January to March 2014’', 'Entry clearance visas by length' and 'Entry clearance visas by length: table'. We use cookies to collect information about how you use GOV.UK. Added 'EU Settlement Scheme quarterly statistics, March 2020', updated 'Home Office EU Settlement Scheme statistics: user guide'. Added 'Immigration Statistics, January to March 2017' and 'Immigration Statistics, January to March 2017: data tables', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. This has the drawback of including British citizens born abroad, such as the children of parents in the armed forces based overseas. Download Historical Data Save as Image Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, December 2019’. Added "EU Settlement Scheme statistics, May 2019". Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, May 2020'. Meanwhile the number of EU citizens emigrating has increased from an estimated 95,000 in the year before the referendum to 145,000 now. In 2019, 48% of EU nationals in the UK said they migrated to the country for work-related reasons. An estimated 3.6 million EU-born migrants lived in the UK in 2019, making up 5.5% of the UK population. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1601562371870'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.minWidth='200px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='2560px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='727px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='671px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='577px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); EU immigration rose sharply in the years leading up to the EU referendum in June 2016, but has declined since 2016 – a pattern reflected in both the National Insurance Number (NINo) allocation data (Figure 8) and ONS data on long-term migration flows. In the first quarter of 2020, around 715,000 people moved to the UK, while 403,000 left, according to an Office for National Statistics (ONS) report published on Thursday. Long-term arrivals of EU citizens planning to spend at least 12 months in the UK fell by 34% over the same period, reaching 198,000 in 2019. NiNo statistics cannot be directly compared to estimates of long-term international migration (LTIM), primarily because they include short-term migrants, while LTIM statistics include only people intending to move into the UK for at least a year. National Insurance Number (NINo) allocation data from the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) provide information on people newly entering the labour market. The percentage of employed workers was slightly higher among workers born in EU-8 and EU-2 countries (84%) than among the EU-14-born (82%) (Figure 7). Added 'Immigration statistics, July to September 2017', 'Immigration Statistics, July to September 2017: data tables' and 'Asylum claims on the basis of sexual orientation', updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide' and 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline'. The number of people migrating to the UK has been greater than the number emigrating since 1994. EU-2 migrants stood out for their high percentage of self-employed (22%) compared to the other two EU groups. Updated 'Home Office immigration statistics: user guide', 'Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline' and 'Statistics on changes in migrants’ visa and leave status: user guide'. University of Oxford, Its response rate has declined over time, and is now below 50% (ONS, 2016); this means that people who are more likely not to respond to the survey may be under-counted. For example, from 2017 to 2019, the estimated number of EU-born residents as measured by the Annual Population Survey declined, while the International Passenger Survey (LTIM data) estimated that the net migration of EU citizens was still positive. The level of migration from the EU to the UK has been underestimated by the Office for National Statistics from the mid-2000s to 2016. ... UK Govt Statistics Office Undercounted EU Migration by 240,000 498 PAUL FAITH/AFP/Getty Images. This was followed by Romania (427,000), the Republic of Ireland (360,000), Germany (289,000), and Italy (233,000). Added 'EU Settlement Scheme statistics, January 2020'. EU immigration fell substantially after the 2016 Brexit referendum.More… An estimated 3.6 million EU-born migrants lived in the UK in 2019, making up 5.5% of the UK population. Self-Employed ( 22 % ) reported coming to take up a definite job than... Was within and out of Europe and 'Immigration statistics, March 2020 has! 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